Animation =>  Japan（draft）
                                                                                                 By Reikou Kin


 contents
     1.Introduction
      2.The start of animation industry
      3.The history of Japanese animation
         1) the start of Japanese animation industry
         2) the development of Japanese animation industry      
         3) the production of Japanese animation 
      4.The characteristic of Japanese animation industry
         1) the connection of animation and manga
         2) the target of the animation works
         3) the market of Japanese animation 
         4) animation fans made the animation culture
      5.conclusion　　　


1.Introduction 

     What would you think of when mentioning Japan? 
     
      Japan is famous of many things in the world, like sashimi, Sumo, the Fuji Mountain, hot spring, and so on. Most of them we can’t eat or see or feel if we don’t go to Japan. But there is one thing that we can see it without going there－it is Japanese animation.
     I came to Japan in 2009 and before it I never came here. But I think there are many Chinese as me having had a contact with Japan by seeing Japanese animation.
     I started to see it from about 9 years old and there are still many memories leaving in my head now, like “Sailor Moon”, “SLAM DUNK”, “Dragonball”, and so on. They gave me happiness and moving, and became a symbol of my childhood. 
    
     So to me, I will think of Japanese animation first when mentioning Japan.

2.The start of animation industry

    The first animation work was made in 1892 by a French man whose name is pioneer Charles-Emile Reynaud. The name of the work was "Pauvre Pierrot". Then in 1906, America made the first animation film, which is a short silent animation film named "Humorous phases of funny faces". Japan made the first national animation in 1916-1917. 
     It was in America that the animation became an industry first. Disney became the top of the animation maker in the 1920s. And at that time, including Japan, animation was an import industry to the Asian countries.

3.The history of Japanese animation industry

     Though the first animation was made by French, and America make the animation industry earliest, Japanese animation is the best in the world now. There are over 200 animations made in Japan, and the technology became better and better.

1) The start of Japanese animation industry
     Japan made the first national animation in 1916-1917. In the Second World War, there were many works being made for uplifting the fighting spirit. And because the government charged  huge budget many times,the technology had been improved. 
   
    Japanese animation was developed  since the Second World war. The Toei Animation Company was founded in 1956, and  
made first Japanese color anime feature film "The Tale of the White Serpent"(79 mines) in 1958. And after it made a long film every year. 

   In 1962, Tezuka Osamu found the Mushi Production and from the next year, the Mushi Production started to product the tele-animation of ''Astro Boy". It was broadcast 30 minutes once as a continuous broadcasting animation, which was the first country broadcasting the animation in this way. 
 
   Because of these two projects, there appeared many excellent people who lead the Japanese animation world, also there appeared many wide varieties of genres of Japanese animation.

2) The development of Japanese animation
   There are 3 golden ages of Japanese animation world.
   
   The first was depending on the animation "Space Battleship Yamato" (1974~1982). From it there were many science fiction animations one after another. This kind of animations has complex stories, systematical view of the world and also deep literariness.
    The second is the "The Super Dimension Fortress Macross" (1982~1987). In this time, people pursued the visual effect and the technic of the optical effect. By 1987, the story and the content, or the technology of Japanese animation have arrived a high level.
    The third is from 1987 to 1990s. There were many good works in Japan and the market in Japan has formed almost.

3) the production of Japanese animation 
     Animation market in Japan can  be divided into 1) theatrical animated film, 2) TV animation,  3) the video/DVD of 1) and 2). 
     Recently  the dependence on foreign countries in Japan that about the production of animation  becomes intensifying. For example, sending the data of manuscript to the production company in China or Korea, and receiving the data of the animation that be colored.  It can be considered that the reason of it is the low cost of labors and the development of the technology in foreign countries.

4.The characteristic of Japanese animation industry 

1) the connection of animation and manga
     There is a  big connection of animation and manga in Japan. It is said that 60% animations' original works are manga, and the original animation also was made into manga often.  In animation and manga business, Cartoonist - manga publisher - Anime production - television stations have became partners. 

2) the target of the animation works
    Which do you think animation is for, children or adults? 
   In the survey of this question, all of the people think it is for the both. It may be the biggest different in Japanese animation and other countries' animation. The concept of animation in Japan has more wide sense. There are many works  both for adults and children, like Studio Ghibli's animations. So Japanese animation can be popular in the all ages  in the world.
   Making the target of the animation not just children also adults, and even dividing the audience to like child, youth, business man, housewife to product the animation, is one of the characteristics of Japanese animation.      

    (1,107)

*resource:
1."Circumstances surrounding the anime and manga of Japan"
  http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/souhatu/h18seika/01anime/01_sousei_09honpen3.pdf (Dce. 10, 2013 access )
2."Why animation and manga developed in Japan - Media China"
   http://www.recordchina.co.jp/group.php?groupid=78534 (Nov. 29, 2013 access )
3."Why  animation industry became the form of now?~Positioning Toei Animation in anime industrial   
    history~",Yasuo Yamaguchi
   http://www.amecon.jp/common/img/pdf/anime_curriculum06.pdf  (Nov. 29, 2013 access )
4. "Anime - Why Is Japanese Anime So Popular?"
   http://ezinearticles.com/?Anime---Why-Is-Japanese-Anime-So-Popular?&id=7565038  (Dec. 2, 2013 access )5. 5."The History of Anime & Manga" (Created by Marwah Zagzoug, History 135, April 2001)
   http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his135/Events/Anime62/Anime62.html(Nov. 19, 2013 access )
6."Trend of animation industry of Japan"
   http://www.jetro.go.jp/jfile/report/05000702/05000702_001_BUP_0.pdf  (Nov.26,2013)
7. Anime chronology :Comparison of historical chronology of animation and "development of Japanese       
  animation"
     http://pastport.jp/timeline/compare/688c25bcdefcb9b4ecf2bb116d6c7f1c (Nov. 19, 2013 access )
8. "film: the starting point of Japanese animation?  1912, slapstick drama of turtle and human, German    
   researcher's   report to publication",The Mainichi, January 5th, 2013
    http://mainichi.jp/enta/news/20130105dde041200011000c.html(Nov. 19, 2013 access )
9.Wikipedia
  http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7_(1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3) 　 (Nov. 19, 2013 access )
10.  Annuak atatistics of Japanese animation
    http://www.animesachi.com/visitor/year.html  (Nov. 19, 2013 access )
11.Wikipedia  
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime    (Nov. 22, 2013 access )
12."What's The Difference Between Japanese and American Animation? ",Adrien-Luc Sanders
   http://animation.about.com/od/relatedtopics/a/Whats-The-Difference-Between-Japanese-And-American-Animation.htm 　(Nov. 22, 2013 access )

1. Summary

   Animation industry started in America, and animation industry was an import industry for the Asian countries.
   Japanese national animation was made in 1917. In 1920s, Disney became the top of the animation maker and from 1930s the era of colorization was coming. In 1956, the Toei Animation Company was founded and the first color anime feature film "The Tale of the White Serpent" was made in 1958.
   In 1970s, TV became very popular,which stuck the film market strongly. The Toei Animation company started to enter in the TV animation market. Because of it, there were a wide varieties of genres appearing in the Japanese animation .

resource:
 1."Why animation and manga developed in Japan - Media China"
  http://www.recordchina.co.jp/group.php?groupid=78534 (Nov. 29, 2013 access )
2."Why  animation industry became the form of now?~Positioning Toei Animation in anime industrial  
    history~",Yasuo Yamaguchi
   http://www.amecon.jp/common/img/pdf/anime_curriculum06.pdf  (Nov. 29, 2013 access )
3. "Anime - Why Is Japanese Anime So Popular?"
http://ezinearticles.com/?Anime---Why-Is-Japanese-Anime-So-Popular?&id=7565038  (Dec. 2, 2013 access )

1.Summary
    In Japan, animation and manga is not just for the children , also for the adult. They were developed as an industry since World war. Animation market in Japan can  be divided into 1) theatrical animated film, 2) TV animation,  3) the video/DVD of 1) and 2).　Recently  the dependence on foreign countries of the production of animation  is being intensifying.  Like sending the data of manuscript to the production company in China or Korea, and receiving the data of the animation that be colored. 
    In other countries now are  also increasing the competitiveness like Korea, China and France.

"Trend of animation industry of Japan"  http://www.jetro.go.jp/jfile/report/05000702/05000702_001_BUP_0.pdf  

2.Comment
   Japanese animation as a strong and special industry is very successful. 
   Before I saw Japanese animation, I thought the animation is just for children. But after I saw the Japanese animations I changed my thinking-it is also for the adult.
   I don't know Japanese animation also are made by foreign countries. I think it is because of the high cost of labors in Japan.

3.DQ:
     1. Do you think Japanese animation is the best in the world?
      2.  Which do you think the animation is for children or adult? Why?
  
RQ:
      1. The situation of Japanese animation industry now 
       2. The characteristic of Japanese animation
       3. The problem of Japanese animation

4. notcing

1.During World War II the entire Japanese nation  was mobilized.
    mobilize (/mobilise): (v.)work together or organize in order to achieve a particular aim; make the army or the    
                                      industry and energy for the war footing.
                                  eg. The organisation mobilized all the workers to against the decision of the Government.

2.since that was the time when the anime and manga (Japanese comics) industry  evolved significantly. 
     evolve: (v.) develop; drow (a rule or conclusion)
                   eg. evolve a new rule from the experiment

3. intensify:(v.) make sth. stronger or bigger, make sth. intense; become stronger or heavy.
                   eg.  the global warming is intensifying.

*resource:

  1.  "The History of Anime & Manga" (Created by Marwah Zagzoug, History 135, April 2001)
    http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his135/Events/Anime62/Anime62.html(Nov. 19, 2013 access )
2."Trend of animation industry of Japan"
    http://www.jetro.go.jp/jfile/report/05000702/05000702_001_BUP_0.pdf  (Nov.26,2013)

1. summaries
   
   The first animation work was made by French pioneer Charles-Emile Reynaud in 1892, the name was "Pauvre Pierrot". And the first animation film was made by America in 1906. It is a short silent animation film named "Humorous phases of funny faces" .
   It is possible that  Japanese ancestors were stimulated the creation by it. Japan made the first color anime feature film in 1958, which is named "The Tale of the White Serpent"(79 mins).

* The URL of "Pauvre  Pierrot":
         http://nicoviewer.net/sm8818776

3. C Q
      1.   "Anime"="carton" ?
     2.  What's "animation"?
    
    R Q
     1.What's animation?   
     2. From when Japanese animation became famous? What's the reason of it?
     3. The characteristic of Japanese animation (or the differences between  Japan and     
         other countries)  

    D Q
      1. Do you know how the animation are made?
     2.Do you remember the first animation you saw?

4. Noticing 
  >> stimulate: (v.) make sb./sth. more develop or more active, to encourage sth. ;
                              to make sb. excited or interesting
                              ex.  find new ways to stimulate the economy
                                           his words stimulated her to work hard.  

5.Resource: 
1. Anime chronology :Comparison of historical chronology of animation and "development of Japanese       
  animation" http://pastport.jp/timeline/compare/688c25bcdefcb9b4ecf2bb116d6c7f1c (Nov. 19, 2013 access )
2. "film: the starting point of Japanese animation?  1912, slapstick drama of turtle and human, German    
   researcher's   report to publication",The Mainichi, January 5th, 2013
   http://mainichi.jp/enta/news/20130105dde041200011000c.html(Nov. 19, 2013 access )
3.Wikipedia
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7_(1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3) 　 (Nov. 19, 2013 access )
4.  Annuak atatistics of Japanese animation http://www.animesachi.com/visitor/year.html  (Nov. 19, 2013 access )

* Resource: 

1.Wikipedia   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime    (Nov. 22, 2013 access )
2."Comics and animation is the best tool to make the image of Tokyo Olympic , make use of Japanese 
    techonology  now", Sankei news, November 9th, 2013　　　　
   http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20131109-00000559-san-spo　(Nov. 22, 2013 access )
3."What's The Difference Between Japanese and American Animation? ",Adrien-Luc Sanders
   http://animation.about.com/od/relatedtopics/a/Whats-The-Difference-Between-Japanese-And-American-Animation.htm 　(Nov. 22, 2013 access )